In recent years a significant amount of attention has been placed on the role of science, technology and innovation for Africa’s social and economic transformation. This book builds on the efforts made in this area and argues that more needs to be done to strengthen African Science Systems. We use the term ‘Science’ and ‘Science Systems’ recognising that what is important is not just the study and accumulation of knowledge but also its application and use. This book brings together the findings of research conducted by academics, practitioners and policy makers during the first phase of the Science Granting Councils Initiative. It argues that building stronger and more broadly defined science systems requires recognition and critical study of relevant concepts and theories. It also focuses on key areas that require empirical study and analysis. This book focuses specifically on the key role of what are known as ‘Science Councils’ in Africa as providing a mediating role between the actors, organisations and institutions involved in African Science Systems. It also argues that – for Science Councils to be more effective – there is a need for more ‘science on science’ or the study of how science systems function and how they can be strengthened to assist African countries reach their social and economic development goals.
